Spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from municipal solid waste treatment in China.

Reducing carbon emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment is non-negligible for China to meet its "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" targets. It is critical to objectively evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of carbon emissions from MSW treatment. This study estimates the carbon emissions from MSW treatment across 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020. The joint approach LMDI-PDA model is further used to refine the impact of policy on carbon emission changes from technical and efficiency perspectives, while considering the socio-economic factors. The results showed that carbon emissions from MSW treatment grew significantly until peaking at 202.05Mt CO2e in 2017 and then stabilized, finally dropping to 165.10 Mt CO2e in 2020 due to the impact of COVID-19. Compared with the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, the MSW emissions intensity declined significantly during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, indicating the effective implementation of waste emission control measures. Furthermore, the slowdown in the growth of national emissions was primarily driven by technological advances in waste treatment. Technical efficiency change effect, MSW generation intensity effect, economic scale effect, and population scale effect impeded national emissions decline. Since the performance of various drivers varied greatly in different provinces, a cluster analysis was conducted to provide policy recommendations in provinces with similar characteristics. Both the methods and results of this study can provide better decision-making support for national and provincial carbon emissions control policies targeting MSW treatment.

Risk factors associated with indoor transmission during home quarantine of COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: The study aimed to identify potential risk factors for family transmission and to provide precautionary guidelines for the general public during novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) waves. Methods: A retrospective cohort study with numerous COVID-19 patients recruited was conducted in Shanghai. Epidemiological data including transmission details, demographics, vaccination status, symptoms, comorbidities, antigen test, living environment, residential ventilation, disinfection and medical treatment of each participant were collected and risk factors for family transmission were determined. Results: A total of 2,334 COVID-19 patients participated. Compared with non-cohabitation infected patients, cohabitated ones were younger (p = 0.019), more commonly unvaccinated (p = 0.048) or exposed to infections (p < 0.001), and had higher rates of symptoms (p = 0.003) or shared living room (p < 0.001). Risk factors analysis showed that the 2019-nCov antigen positive (OR = 1.86, 95%CI 1.40-2.48, p < 0.001), symptoms development (OR = 1.86, 95%CI 1.34-2.58, p < 0.001), direct contact exposure (OR = 1.47, 95%CI 1.09-1.96, p = 0.010) were independent risk factors for the cohabitant transmission of COVID-19, and a separate room with a separate toilet could reduce the risk of family transmission (OR = 0.62, 95%CI 0.41-0.92, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Patients showing negative 2019-nCov antigen tests, being asymptomatic, living in a separate room with a separate toilet, or actively avoiding direct contact with cohabitants were at low risk of family transmission, and the study recommended that avoiding direct contact and residential disinfection could reduce the risk of all cohabitants within the same house being infected with COVID-19.

Influenza A (H1N1) virus induced long-term remission in a refractory acute myeloid leukaemia.

There have been reports of haematological cancer patients achieving spontaneous remission after being infected with the influenza A or SARS-COV-2 virus. Here, we present the first case of long-term complete remission (CR) induced by influenza A (IAV, H1N1 subtype) in a refractory AML patient and have functionally validated this finding in two different animal disease models. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of helper T cells in the patient after IAV infection. The levels of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α, were higher in IAV-infected patients compared with control groups. These findings indicate that the anti-tumour effects induced by IAV are closely related to the modification of the immune response. Our study provides new evidence of the anti-tumour effects of IAV from a clinical practice perspective.

International Research Review and Teaching Improvement Measures of College Students' Learning Psychology under the Background of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on college education. College students have faced great difficulties in terms of learning and living during the lockdown period, which has brought many negative psychological effects. To explore the psychological states of college students learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and the reasons for these states, this study used CiteSpace to analyze 105 articles on WoS about college students' learning psychology, and the results of this analysis were combined with an interpretation of the literature to summarize the research hotspots, development trends, learning psychology types, and reasons in this field. The main findings were as follows: (1) During the COVID-19 pandemic, the psychological state of learning college students mainly included academic burnout, learning anxiety, and learning pressure. (2) Academic burnout was affected by perceived usefulness and self-control and was manifested as not accepting online teaching and truancy. (3) Learning anxiety was affected by emotional support factors and was manifested as loneliness, anxiety about lockdown management, and fear of infection. (4) Learning pressure was affected by perceived ease-of-use, environmental support, and self-efficacy and was manifested by difficulties completing online learning tasks, academic performance, and future career uncertainty. Given the above findings, this study proposes corresponding teaching improvement measures from the perspective of the sustainability of the teaching methods of teachers and students' continuous learning, providing teaching references for schools and teachers, and psychological support for students.

Entangling of Peptide Nanofibers Reduces the Invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2.

The viral spike (S) protein on the surface of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the host cells, facilitating its entry and infection. Here, functionalized nanofibers targeting the S protein with peptide sequences of IRQFFKK, WVHFYHK and NSGGSVH, which are screened from a high-throughput one-bead one-compound screening strategy, are designed and prepared. The flexible nanofibers support multiple binding sites and efficiently entangle SARS-CoV-2, forming a nanofibrous network that blocks the interaction between the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE2 on host cells, and efficiently reduce the invasiveness of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, nanofibers entangling represents a smart nanomedicine for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2.

The Role of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Lung Injury-Friend or Foe.

Acute lung injury (ALI), caused by intrapulmonary or extrapulmonary factors such as pneumonia, shock, and sepsis, eventually disrupts the alveolar-capillary barrier, resulting in diffuse pulmonary oedema and microatasis, manifested by refractory hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. Not only is ALI highly lethal, but even if a patient survives, there are also multiple sequelae. Currently, there is no better treatment than supportive care, and we urgently need to find new targets to improve ALI. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetically important enzymes that, together with histone acetylases (HATs), regulate the acetylation levels of histones and non-histones. While HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) play a therapeutic role in cancer, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, there is also a large body of evidence suggesting the potential of HDACs as therapeutic targets in ALI. This review explores the unique mechanisms of HDACs in different cell types of ALI, including macrophages, pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs), alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), and neutrophils.

The Src-ZNRF1 axis controls TLR3 trafficking and interferon responses to limit lung barrier damage.

Type I interferons are important antiviral cytokines, but prolonged interferon production is detrimental to the host. The TLR3-driven immune response is crucial for mammalian antiviral immunity, and its intracellular localization determines induction of type I interferons; however, the mechanism terminating TLR3 signaling remains obscure. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF1 controls TLR3 sorting into multivesicular bodies/lysosomes to terminate signaling and type I interferon production. Mechanistically, c-Src kinase activated by TLR3 engagement phosphorylates ZNRF1 at tyrosine 103, which mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of TLR3 at lysine 813 and promotes TLR3 lysosomal trafficking and degradation. ZNRF1-deficient mice and cells are resistant to infection by encephalomyocarditis virus and SARS-CoV-2 because of enhanced type I interferon production. However, Znrf1-/- mice have exacerbated lung barrier damage triggered by antiviral immunity, leading to enhanced susceptibility to respiratory bacterial superinfections. Our study highlights the c-Src-ZNRF1 axis as a negative feedback mechanism controlling TLR3 trafficking and the termination of TLR3 signaling.

Stakeholders' solutions to antiretroviral therapy interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a short report.

Obtaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) was a challenge for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. On 26 January 2020, the Chinese Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention issued a nationwide directive to relax restrictions on where and when PLHIV could refill ART. This qualitative study explored unexpected barriers under this directive and recommendations to improve future ART delivery. Between February 11 and February 15 2020, in-depth interviews of 4 groups of stake holders related to ART refilling (i.e., PLHIV, community-based organization employees, CDC staff, infectious disease physicians and nurses), were conducted via WeChat. Data were managed by NVivo 11.0 and transcripts were coded using thematic analysis. Sixty-two interviews were conducted. The main barriers to refilling ART included: (1) inconsistent documentation requirements to refill ART, (2) lack of specific protocols on ART refilling, (3) insufficient staffing, and (4) regimen verification and drug shortages. The most common recommendations to improve future ART delivery were: (1) to establish a nationwide system to distribute ART and (2) increase the number of pills delivered with each ART refill. Strengthening protocols and systems to refill ART and improving collaboration is key to preventing interruptions in ART among PLHIV during public health emergencies.

Roles of p53-Mediated Host-Virus Interaction in Coronavirus Infection.

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has garnered global attention due to its highly pathogenic nature and the resulting health crisis and economic burden. Although drugs such as Remdesivir have been considered a potential cure by targeting the virus on its RNA polymerase, the high mutation rate and unique 3' to 5' exonuclease with proofreading function make it challenging to develop effective anti-coronavirus drugs. As a result, there is an increasing focus on host-virus interactions because coronaviruses trigger stress responses, cell cycle changes, apoptosis, autophagy, and the dysregulation of immune function and inflammation in host cells. The p53 tumor suppressor molecule is a critical regulator of cell signaling pathways, cellular stress responses, DNA repair, and apoptosis. However, viruses can activate or inhibit p53 during viral infections to enhance viral replication and spread. Given its pivotal role in cell physiology, p53 represents a potential target for anti-coronavirus drugs. This review aims to summarize the relationship between p53 and coronaviruses from various perspectives, to shed light on potential targets for antiviral drug development and vaccine design.

Triacetyl Resveratrol Inhibits PEDV by Inducing the Early Apoptosis In Vitro.

PEDV represents an ancient Coronavirus still causing huge economic losses to the porcine breeding industry. Resveratrol has excellent antiviral effects. Triacetyl resveratrol (TCRV), a novel natural derivative of resveratrol, has been recently discovered, and its pharmacological effects need to be explored further. This paper aims to explore the relationship between PEDV and TCRV, which offers a novel strategy in the research of antivirals. In our study, Vero cells and IPEC-J2 cells were used as an in vitro model. First, we proved that TCRV had an obvious anti-PEDV effect and a strong inhibitory effect at different time points. Then, we explored the mechanism of inhibition of PEDV infection by TCRV. Our results showed that TCRV could induce the early apoptosis of PEDV-infected cells, in contrast to PEDV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we observed that TCRV could promote the expression and activation of apoptosis-related proteins and release mitochondrial cytochrome C into cytoplasm. Based on these results, we hypothesized that TCRV induced the early apoptosis of PEDV-infected cells and inhibited PEDV infection by activating the mitochondria-related caspase pathway. Furthermore, we used the inhibitors Z-DEVD-FMK and Pifithrin-α (PFT-α) to support our hypothesis. In conclusion, the TCRV-activated caspase pathway triggered early apoptosis of PEDV-infected cells, thereby inhibiting PEDV infections.

Development and validation of the nomogram to predict the risk of hospital drug shortages: A prediction model.

INTRODUCTION: Reasons for drug shortages are multi-factorial, and patients are greatly injured. So we needed to reduce the frequency and risk of drug shortages in hospitals. At present, the risk of drug shortages in medical institutions rarely used prediction models. To this end, we attempted to proactively predict the risk of drug shortages in hospital drug procurement to make further decisions or implement interventions. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to establish a nomogram to show the risk of drug shortages. METHODS: We collated data obtained using the centralized procurement platform of Hebei Province and defined independent and dependent variables to be included in the model. The data were divided into a training set and a validation set according to 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine independent risk factors, and discrimination (using the receiver operating characteristic curve), calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test), and decision curve analysis were validated. RESULTS: As a result, volume-based procurement, therapeutic class, dosage form, distribution firm, take orders, order date, and unit price were regarded as independent risk factors for drug shortages. In the training (AUC = 0.707) and validation (AUC = 0.688) sets, the nomogram exhibited a sufficient level of discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: The model can predict the risk of drug shortages in the hospital drug purchase process. The application of this model will help optimize the management of drug shortages in hospitals.

Enhancing food supply chain in green logistics with multi-level processing strategy under disruptions

Food supply chains (FSCs) have long been exposed to environmental variability and shock events caused by various economic, political, and infrastructural factors. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed and identified the vulnerability of FSCs, and promoted integrated optimization approaches for building resilience. However, existing works focusing on general supply chains (SCs) and FSCs have not been fully aware of the distinct characteristics of FSCs in green logistics, i.e., the expiration of fresh products. In reality, perishable food materials can be processed into products of different processing levels (i.e., multi-level processing) for longer shelf lives, which can serve as a timely and economic strategy to increase safety stocks for mitigating disruption risks. Motivated by this fact, we study the problem of enhancing FSC with a multi-level processing strategy. An integrated location, inventory, and distribution planning model for a multi-echelon FSC under COVID-19-related disruptions is formulated to maximize the total profit over a finite planning horizon. Specifically, a two-stage stochastic programming model is presented to hedge against disruption risks, where scenarios are generated to characterize geographical impact induced by source-region disruptions. For small-scale problems, the model can be solved with commercial solvers. To exactly and efficiently solve the large-scale instances, we design an integer L-shaped method. Numerical experiments are conducted on a case study and randomly generated instances to show the efficiency of our model and solution method. Based on the case study, managerial insights are drawn.

Trends of Cirrhosis-related Mortality in the USA during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Immunocompromised status and interrupted routine care may render patients with cirrhosis vulnerable to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A nationwide dataset that includes more than 99% of the decedents in the U.S. between April 2012 and September 2021 was used. Projected age-standardized mortality during the pandemic were estimated according to prepandemic mortality rates, stratified by season. Excess deaths were determined by estimating the difference between observed and projected mortality rates. A temporal trend analysis of observed mortality rates was also performed in 0.83 million decedents with cirrhosis between April 2012 and September 2021 was included. Following an increasing trend of cirrhosis-related mortality before the pandemic, with a semiannual percentage change (SAPC) of 0.54% [95% confidence interval (CI): (0.0-1.0%), p=0.036], a precipitous increase with seasonal variation occurred during the pandemic (SAPC 5.35, 95% CI: 1.9-8.9, p=0.005). Significantly increased mortality rates were observed in those with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), with a SAPC of 8.44 (95% CI: 4.3-12.8, p=0.001) during the pandemic. All-cause mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rose steadily across the entire study period with a SAPC of 6.79 (95% CI: 6.3-7.3, p<0.001). The decreasing trend of HCV-related mortality was reversed during the pandemic, while there was no significant change in HBV-related deaths. While there was significant increase in COVID-19-related deaths, more than 55% of the excess deaths were the indirect impact of the pandemic. We observed an alarming increase in cirrhosis-related deaths during the pandemic especially for ALD, with evidence in both direct and indirect impact. Our findings have implications on formulating policies for patients with cirrhosis.

The novel Nsp9-interacting host factor H2BE promotes PEDV replication by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) has led to significant economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. Histone Cluster 2, H2BE (HIST2H2BE), the main protein component in chromatin, has been proposed to play a key role in apoptosis. However, the relationship between H2BE and PEDV remains unclear. In this study, H2BE was shown to bind and interact with PEDV nonstructural protein 9 (Nsp9) via immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS). Next, we verified the interaction of Nsp9 with H2BE by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. H2BE colocalized with Nsp9 in the cytoplasm and nuclei. PEDV Nsp9 upregulated the expression of H2BE by inhibiting the expression of IRX1. We demonstrated that overexpression of H2BE significantly promoted PEDV replication, whereas knockdown of H2BE by small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited PEDV replication. Overexpression of H2BE led to significantly inhibited GRP78 expression, phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK), phosphorylated eIF2 (p-eIF2), phosphorylated IRE1 (p-IRE1), and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK); negatively regulated CHOP and Bax expression and caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage; and promoted Bcl-2 production. Knocking down H2BE exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, we found that after deletion of amino acids 1-28, H2BE did not promote PEDV replication. In conclusion, these studies revealed the mechanism by which H2BE is associated with ER stress-mediated apoptosis to regulate PEDV replication. Nsp9 upregulates H2BE. H2BE plays a role in inhibiting apoptosis and thus facilitating viral replication, which depends on the N-terminal region of H2BE (amino acids 1-28). These findings provide a reference for host-PEDV interactions and offer the possibility for developing strategies for PEDV decontamination and prevention.

GRAMD4 regulates PEDV-induced cell apoptosis inhibiting virus replication via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused huge losses in the swine industry worldwide. Glucosyltransferase Rab-like GTPase activator and myotubularin domain containing 4 (GRAMD4) is a proapoptotic protein, which replaced p53 inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. However, the relationship between GRAMD4 and PEDV has not been reported. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential role of GRAMD4 during PEDV infection. In this study, we used co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and mass spectrometry to identify GRAMD4 interaction with PEDV non-structural protein 6 (NSP6). Immunoprecipitation and laser confocal microscopy were utilized to demonstrate that GRAMD4 interacts with NSP6. NSP6 reduces GRAMD4 production through PERK and IRE1 pathway-mediated apoptosis. We demonstrated that overexpression of GRAMD4 effectively impaired the replication of PEDV, whereas knockdown of GRAMD4 facilitated the replication of PEDV. Overexpression of GRAMD4 increased GRP78, phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK), phosphorylated IRE1(p-IRE1) levels, promoted CHOP, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), Bax expression, caspase 9 and caspase 3 cleavage, and inhibited Bcl-2 production. Knockdown of GRAMD4 has the opposite effect. Finally, deletion of the GRAM domain of GRAMD4 cannot cause endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress)-mediated apoptosis and inhibit virus replication. In conclusion, these studies revealed the mechanism by which GRAMD4 was associated with ER stress and apoptosis regulating PEDV replication. NSP6 acted as a potential down-regulator of GRAMD4 and promoted the degradation of GRAMD4. GRAMD4 played a role in facilitating apoptosis and restricting virus replication, and the GRAM domain was required. These findings provided a reference for host-PEDV interactions and offered the possibility for PEDV decontamination and prevention.

Evaluation of an automated CRISPR-based diagnostic tool for rapid detection of COVID-19.

The performance of an automated commercial CRISPR/Cas based technology was evaluated and compared with routine RT-PCR testing to diagnose COVID-19. Suspected and discharged COVID-19 cases were included and tested with CRISPR-based SARS-CoV-2 test and RT-PCR assay using throat swab and sputum specimens. The diagnostic yield was calculated and compared using the McNemar test. A total of 437 patients were included for analysis, including COVID-19 (n = 171), discharged cases (n = 155), and others (n = 111). For the diagnosis of COVID-19, the CRISPR-SARS-CoV-2 test had a sensitivity and specificity of 98.2% (168/171) and 100.0% (266/266), respectively; the RT-PCR test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100.0% (171/171) and 100.0% (266/266), respectively. No significant difference was found in the sensitivity of CRISPR-SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR. In conclusion, the CRISPR-SARS-CoV-2 test had a comparable performance with RT-PCR and showed several advantages, such as short assay time, low cost, and no requirement for expensive equipment.

Ultrasensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based lateral flow immunosensor.

The fast spread and transmission of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of serious global public health problems. Herein, a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Using uniquely designed core-shell nanoparticle with embedded Raman probe molecules as the indicator to reveal the concentration of target protein, excellent quantitative performance with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 ng/mL and detection range of 10-1000 ng/mL can be achieved within 15 min. Besides, the detection of spiked virus protein in human saliva was also performed with a portable Raman spectrometer, proposing the feasibility of the method in practical applications. This easy-to-use, rapid and accurate method would provide a point-of-care testing way as the ideal alternative for current detection requirement of virus-related biomarkers.

Planning for the Next Pandemic: Ethics and Innovation Today for Improved Clinical Trials Tomorrow.

The coronavirus pandemic has brought public attention to the steps required to produce valid scientific clinical research in drug development. Traditional ethical principles that guide clinical research remain the guiding compass for physicians, patients, public health officials, investigators, drug developers and the public. Accelerating the process of delivering safe and effective treatments and vaccines against COVID-19 is a moral imperative. The apparent clash between the regulated system of phased randomized clinical trials and urgent public health need requires leveraging innovation with ethical scientific rigor. We reflect on the Belmont principles of autonomy, beneficence and justice as the pandemic unfolds, and illustrate the role of innovative clinical trial designs in alleviating pandemic challenges. Our discussion highlights selected types of innovative trial design and correlates them with ethical parameters and public health benefits. Details are provided for platform trials and other innovative designs such as basket and umbrella trials, designs leveraging external data sources, multi-stage seamless trials, preplanned control arm data sharing between larger trials, and higher order systems of linked trials coordinated more broadly between individual trials and phases of development, recently introduced conceptually as "PIPELINEs."

Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder and related factors among Chinese population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has deep and wide negative mental impacts on the public, and studies on the impact of COVID-19 on social and mental well-being are necessary. This study aimed to evaluate mental distress, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and its related risk factors in Chinese adults in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a large-scale cross-sectional design. A total of 2067 adult participants completed the online survey via REDcap from 1st to 15th of March 2020 during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Anxiety, depression, PTSD, and related risk factors, including self-efficacy, coping style, and social support, were measured using valid and reliable instruments. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. We found that 201 (9.7%) participants reported moderate-to-severe anxiety, 669 (33.8%) reported depression, and 368 (17.8%) reported symptoms of PTSD. Self-efficacy, coping style, and social support significantly affected anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 pandemic-related factors, low self-efficacy, low social support, and negative coping were predictors of mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study will help healthcare professionals carry out early predictions and identification of high-risk groups and provide appropriate interventions to target groups during public health emergencies that plague the world.

Application of protection motivation theory and cultural tightness-looseness for predicting individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Introduction: In the period of regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public must continue to comply with the government's recommended preventive measures to further curb the pandemic. Based on the theories of protection motivation and cultural tightness-looseness, this study investigates individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during this period in China. It also establishes a moderated mediation model to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We used structural equation modeling and latent model structural equations to analyze data from an online survey of 443 participants. Results: The analysis showed that media exposure significantly predicted perceived severity, maladaptive rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost. Perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy were positively associated with protection motivation, which, in turn, was positively associated with individuals' compliance. Additionally, protection motivation positively affected individuals' compliance via implementation intention, and perceived cultural tightness-looseness significantly moderated the association between protection motivation and implementation intention. Discussion: This study helps to better understand individuals' compliance from a theoretical perspective and provide practical advice on promoting individuals' compliance with the government's precautionary measures.